Introduction and Themes of Surahs 91 to 110 of the Holy Quran
Surah Ash-Shams (91)
Introduction: Surah Ash-Shams is a Makki Surah and it has 15 verses. Themes: In this Surah, Allah swears by the sun, moon, day, night, sky, earth, and the human soul to emphasize the importance of human nature and actions.
Surah Al-Lail (92)
Introduction: Surah Al-Lail is also a Makki Surah and it has 21 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses human actions and their consequences by swearing by the night, day, male, and female.
Surah Ad-Duha (93)
Introduction: Surah Ad-Duha is a Makki Surah and it has 11 verses. Themes: This Surah mentions various stages of the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the blessings of Allah upon him.
Surah Ash-Sharh (94)
Introduction: Surah Ash-Sharh is also a Makki Surah and it has 8 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the difficulties faced by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and their solutions.
Surah At-Tin (95)
Introduction: Surah At-Tin is a Makki Surah and it has 8 verses. Themes: In this Surah, Allah swears by the fig, olive, Mount Sinai, and this secure city to describe the creation and nature of humans.
Surah Al-Alaq (96)
Introduction: Surah Al-Alaq is a Makki Surah and it has 19 verses. Themes: This Surah mentions the creation of humans, the importance of knowledge, and the first revelation to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Surah Al-Qadr (97)
Introduction: Surah Al-Qadr is a Makki Surah and it has 5 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the significance and importance of the Night of Qadr (Laylat al-Qadr).
Surah Al-Bayyina (98)
Introduction: Surah Al-Bayyina is a Madani Surah and it has 8 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the People of the Book and the polytheists, and the consequences of their actions.
Surah Az-Zalzalah (99)
Introduction: Surah Az-Zalzalah is a Makki Surah and it has 8 verses. Themes: This Surah describes the earthquake on the Day of Judgment and the consequences of human actions.
Surah Al-Adiyat (100)
Introduction: Surah Al-Adiyat is a Makki Surah and it has 11 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses human ingratitude and the consequences of their actions by swearing by war horses.
Surah Al-Qariah (101)
Introduction: Surah Al-Qariah is a Makki Surah and it has 11 verses. Themes: This Surah describes the horrors of the Day of Judgment and the consequences of human actions.
Surah At-Takathur (102)
Introduction: Surah At-Takathur is a Makki Surah and it has 8 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the greed for wealth and its consequences.
Surah Al-Asr (103)
Introduction: Surah Al-Asr is a Makki Surah and it has 3 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the state of human loss and the path to salvation by swearing by time.
Surah Al-Humazah (104)
Introduction: Surah Al-Humazah is a Makki Surah and it has 9 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the consequences of backbiting, slander, and greed for wealth.
Surah Al-Fil (105)
Introduction: Surah Al-Fil is a Makki Surah and it has 5 verses. Themes: This Surah describes the incident of the People of the Elephant and the power of Allah.
Surah Quraysh (106)
Introduction: Surah Quraysh is a Makki Surah and it has 4 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the journeys of Quraysh and the blessings of Allah upon them.
Surah Al-Ma’un (107)
Introduction: Surah Al-Ma’un is a Makki Surah and it has 7 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the importance of prayer and the rights of orphans and the needy.
Surah Al-Kawthar (108)
Introduction: Surah Al-Kawthar is a Makki Surah and it has 3 verses. Themes: This Surah gives the glad tidings of Kawthar to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and discusses the importance of prayer and sacrifice.
Surah Al-Kafirun (109)
Introduction: Surah Al-Kafirun is a Makki Surah and it has 6 verses. Themes: This Surah discusses the separation of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from the religion of the disbelievers.
Surah An-Nasr (110)
Introduction: Surah An-Nasr is a Madani Surah and it has 3 verses. Themes: This Surah gives the glad tidings of the conquest of Makkah and praises Allah.
Understanding Surah Al-Qadr (Surah No. 97) and the Greatness of Laylat al-Qadr
Introduction: Surah Al-Qadr is a Makki Surah and it has 5 verses.
Verses:
- إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ – “Indeed, We sent the Qur’an down during the Night of Decree.”
- وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ – “And what can make you know what is the Night of Decree?”
- لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ – “The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.”
- تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ مِنْ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ – “The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter.”
- سَلَامٌ هِيَ حَتَّى مَطْلَعِ الْفَجْرِ – “Peace it is until the emergence of dawn.”
Tafsir:
Revelation of the Qur’an: In the first verse, Allah states that the Qur’an was revealed during the Night of Decree, highlighting the greatness and blessings of this night.
Virtue of Laylat al-Qadr: In the second verse, Allah emphasizes the greatness of Laylat al-Qadr, stating that it is better than a thousand months. The reward for worship on this night is greater than that of a thousand months.
Descent of Angels: In the third verse, it is mentioned that angels and the Spirit (Gabriel) descend to earth by Allah’s command and make decisions regarding every matter.
Peace: In the fourth verse, it is mentioned that this night is full of peace until the emergence of dawn. Allah’s mercy and blessings are showered upon the believers.
Summary: Surah Al-Qadr highlights the greatness, blessings, and virtue of Laylat al-Qadr. The Qur’an was revealed on this night, and the reward for worship on this night is greater than that of a thousand months. Angels and Gabriel descend to earth and make decisions regarding every matter. This night is full of peace until the emergence of dawn.
—Dr. Rizwan Ali—